Genesee & Wyoming’s (GWR) European carloads fell 9.1% YoY (year-over-year) in April 2017. GWR’s other-than-coal carloads fell 8.2% on a YoY basis in April 2017.
Canadian Pacific (CP) has witnessed a steady rise in intermodal volumes for the past few weeks. In the week ended March 25, 2017, its intermodal traffic rose 13.7%.
Canadian Pacific’s intermodal volumes Although Canadian Pacific’s (CP) intermodal volumes have been marching forward for the past few weeks, in the week ended January 28, 2017, CP reported a fall of 7.5% in overall intermodal traffic. Intermodal data indicates that the fall was due to a drop in its international intermodal business, where volumes fell […]
Canadian Pacific’s intermodal volumes Although Canadian Pacific’s (CP) intermodal volumes have been marching forward for the past few quarters, for the week ended January 21, 2017, CP reported a fall of 2.5% in overall intermodal traffic. Intermodal data indicates that the fall was due to a drop in its international intermodal business, where volumes fell […]
Canadian Pacific’s intermodal volumes Although Canadian Pacific’s (CP) intermodal volumes have been marching forward for the past few quarters, for the week ended January 14, 2017, CP reported a fall of 4.5% in overall intermodal traffic. The intermodal data indicates that the fall was led by a drop in its international intermodal business, where volumes […]
GWR’s European carloads rose 20.3% YoY in December 2016. In the same period of 2015, GWR hauled ~72,000 railcars, as compared to ~86,000 in December 2016.
U.S. Steel Corporation (X) released its 3Q16 financial results on November 1 after the market closed, and it held its earnings conference call on November 2.
Alcoa’s technical indicators To make market entry and exit decisions, traders and investors analyze technical indicators. Resistance and support levels are among the most commonly used technical indicators. Resistance level Support levels typically act as a floor for stock prices. As a stock approaches its support levels, more buyers emerge while selling pressure generally subsides. […]
Genesee & Wyoming’s Australian carloads declined by 13.7% in July 2016, hauling more than 15,000 railcars, as compared to over 17,000 one year previously.
United Parcel Service’s (UPS) Supply Chain and Freight segment includes forwarding and logistics services, UPS Freight, truckload freight brokerage, and financial services through UPS Capital.
Leveraged ETFs make extensive use of financial derivatives to amplify returns. Derivatives are inherently riskier than direct investment due to the leverage they offer. In addition to the counterparty risk that all ETFs face, leveraged funds are prone to derivative counterparty risks.
Leveraged ETFs seek to provide a certain multiple (generally 2x or 3x) of daily returns on the underlying index. The daily movements in the underlying index and subsequent changes in ETF exposure may mean the ETF manager needs to rebalance the portfolio daily.
If SPY rises 5% each on two consecutive days, SSO will rise 10% each day due to the 2x leverage achieved using derivative products and external borrowings. While the compounding works even for SPY, it’s magnified in SSO due to the 2x multiplier effect.
While traditional ETFs seek to mirror the performance of an underlying index, leveraged ETFs seek to deliver multiples of the daily returns of the benchmark index that they track. For example, the ProShares Ultra S&P500 (SSO) seeks to achieve twice the daily returns of the S&P 500, before fees and expenses.
Leveraged ETFs are inherently riskier than traditional ETFs, as they use borrowings and complex derivatives to generate a return in multiples of an benchmark index.
The reality seems to be different due to the phenomenon of compounding at play. Let’s look at the following three cases to understand how compounding works in leveraged ETFs.
